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Investigating Serum Antithyroglobulin Antibody Trend and Response to Treatment in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Maryam Mirahmad 1 , Saeideh Naserian 2 , Seyed Ahmad Seyed Alinaghi 3 4 , Soghra Rabizadeh 2 , Manouchehr Nakhjavani 2 , Mahboobeh Hemmatabadi 2 , Nooshin Shirzad 1 2
1.

Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2.

Department of Endocrinology, Vali-Asr Hospital, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre, Imam Khomeini Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3.

Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCH), Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4.

Research Development Center, Arash Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Endocrinol Res Pract 1; 1: -
DOI: 10.5152/erp.2025.24556
Keywords : Response to therapy, risk of recurrence, thyroid cancer, thyroidectomy, thyroglobulin, thy- roglobulin antibody
Read: 94 Downloads: 130 Published: 19 August 2025
Volume 1, Issue 1, January 2001
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Objective: Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) and serum antithyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) are used to monitor the progression or recurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The aim was to examine the potential of TgAb levels and trends as indicators of response to treatment in the long-term follow-up of DTC patients.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the medical records of DTC patients with total thyroid ectomy and positive TgAb were reviewed. Collected data included age, gender, Tg, TgAb, clinicopathological characteristics, DTC risk, and response to treatment. The association between response to treatment and TgAb level/trend was investigated.

Results: A total of 64 DTC patients with positive TgAb, with a mean ± SD age of 47.73 ± 14.12 years, were followed up for a median of 7.1 years. The TgAb trend had a significant association with DTC risk (P= .010) and incomplete structural response (P < .001). The majority of those with incomplete structural responses (60.9%) had increasing TgAb trends. After 6 months of follow-up, TgAb values had a significant association with response to treatment, with higher TgAb levels in those with incomplete response than excellent response. A decreasing trend of mean TgAb levels over time was noticed in the excellent response group. There was no significant association between thyroglobulin (Tg) level and response to treatment in the first year of follow-up. The correlation between TgAb and Tg levels was weak and non-significant (correlation coefficient (r) < 0.3, P > .05).

Conclusion: In patients with DTC, TgAb levels and trends are significant indicators of response to treatment. The recurrence or persistent disease should be suspected in patients with an increasing TgAb trend.


Cite this article as: Mirahmad M, Naserian S, Seyed Alinaghi S, et al. Investigating serum antithyroglobulin antibody trend and response to treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocrinol Res Pract. Published online August 19, 2025. doi:10.5152/erp.2025.24556.

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