Alterations in Serum Ischemia-Modified Albumin and Nitric Oxide in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objectives: Oxidative stress serves a pivotal role in the onset and advancement of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) and nitric oxide (NO) are biochemical markers reflecting oxidative imbalance. Their clinical relevance in newly diagnosed T2DM remains incompletely explored.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 50 newly diagnosed T2DM patients aged 40-65 years and 50 healthy controls matched for age and sex. Serum IMA and NO levels were measured using colorimetric assays. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests after checking normality with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, along with Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses.

Results: Patients with T2DM had significantly higher serum IMA (0.598 ± 0.13 absorbance unit (AU) vs. 0.279 ± 0.07 AU; P < .05) and NO (57.41 ± 9.41 μmol/L vs. 36.03 ± 4.15 μmol/L; P < .05) compared to controls. No significant correlations were seen between IMA, NO, or glucose parameters. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that higher levels of IMA and NO were not associated with T2DM status.

Conclusion: Increased serum IMA and NO levels in newly diagnosed T2DM reflect early oxidative stress and endothelial alterations. The absence of correlation between glucose parameters and among themselves indicates distinct but complementary pathophysiological mechanisms. These findings are exploratory, and larger longitudinal studies are required to determine their clinical or diagnostic utility.

Cite this article as: Sethi T, Dahiya K, Fotedar S. Alterations in serum ischemia-modified albumin and nitric oxide in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Res Pract. 2026;30(3):171-176.